Syrian army surges into Kurdish-held towns in ‘betrayal’ shattering prospects of accord | Syria

Syria’s army has taken control of swathes of the country’s north, dislodging Kurdish forces from territory over which they held effective autonomy for more than a decade.

State media said on Saturday that the army took over the northern city of Tabqa and its adjacent dam, as well as the major Freedom dam, formerly known as the Baath, west of the Syrian city of Raqaa. It came despite US calls to halt the advance.

The government appeared to be extending its grip on Kurdish-run areas after the Syrian president, Ahmed al-Sharaa, issued a decree declaring Kurdish a national language and granting the minority group official recognition.

The army advanced after implementation of a March 2025 deal – intended to integrate Kurdish forces into the state – stalled.

Government troops drove Kurdish forces from two Aleppo neighbourhoods last week and on Saturday took control of an area east of the city.

For days, Syrian troops had amassed around a cluster of villages that lie just west of the winding Euphrates and had called on the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) stationed there to redeploy their forces on the opposite bank of the river. They have been clashing over strategic posts and oilfields along the Euphrates River.

SDF fighters withdrew from the area early on Saturday as a gesture of goodwill – but then accused Syrian troops of violating the agreement by continuing to push further east into towns and oilfields not included in the deal.

The SDF said on Saturday that Damascus had “violated the recent agreements and betrayed our forces”, with clashes erupting with troops south of Tabqa. The army meanwhile urged the SDF to “immediately fulfil its announced commitments and fully withdraw” east of the river.

Syrian state media reported on Sunday that Kurdish-led forces destroyed two main bridges over the Euphrates River in the Raqa region. “The SDF [Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces] organisation detonated the new Alrashid bridge in Raqqa city,” said the Sana news agency, quoting the Raqqa information directorate.

It earlier reported that another bridge leading to Raqa city was blown up by Kurdish fighters.

Brad Cooper, who heads the US military’s Central Command, said in a written statement that Syrian troops should “cease any offensive actions in areas” between the city of Aleppo and the town of Tabqa approximately 160km further east.

France’s president, Emmanuel Macron, and Iraqi Kurdistan leader Nechirvan Barzani also called for de-escalation and a ceasefire.

The initial withdrawal deal included the main town of Deir Hafer and some surrounding villages whose residents are predominantly Arab. The SDF withdrew on Saturday and Syrian troops moved in relatively smoothly, with residents celebrating their arrival.

“It happened with the least amount of losses. There’s been enough blood in this country, Syria. We have sacrificed and lost enough – people are tired of it,” Hussein al-Khalaf, a resident of Deir Hafer, told Reuters.

The Syrian Petroleum Company said that the nearby oilfields of Rasafa and Sufyan had been captured by Syrian troops and could now be brought back online.

SDF forces had withdrawn east, some on foot, towards the flashpoint town of Tabqa – downstream but still on the western side of the river and near a hydroelectric dam, a crucial source of power.

But when Syria’s army announced it aimed to capture Tabqa next, the SDF said that was not part of the original deal and that it would fight to keep the town, as well as another oilfield in its vicinity.

Syria’s army said four of its troops had been killed in attacks by Kurdish militants, and the SDF said some of its own fighters had been killed but did not give a number. Both sides traded blame for violating a withdrawal deal.

US-led coalition planes flew over the flashpoint towns, releasing warning flares, according to a Syrian security source.

The US has had to recalibrate its Syria policy to balance years of backing for the SDF – which fought against Islamic State – against Washington’s new support for the Syrian president, whose rebel forces ousted dictator Bashar al-Assad in late 2024.

To try to end the fighting, US envoy Tom Barrack travelled to Erbil in northern Iraq on Saturday to meet with SDF commander Mazloum Abdi and Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani, according to two Kurdish sources. There was no immediate comment from Barrack’s spokesperson.

The latest violence has deepened the faultline between the government led by Sharaa, who has vowed to reunify the fractured country after 14 years of war, and local Kurdish authorities wary of his Islamist-led administration.

The two sides engaged in months of talks last year to integrate Kurdish-run military and civilian bodies into Syrian state institutions by the end of 2025, repeatedly saying that they wanted to resolve disputes diplomatically. But after the deadline passed with little progress, clashes broke out earlier this month in Aleppo and ended with a withdrawal of Kurdish fighters. Syrian troops then amassed around towns in the north and east to pressure Kurdish authorities into making concessions in the deadlocked talks with Damascus.

Kurdish authorities still hold Arab-majority areas in the country’s east that are home to some of Syria’s largest oil and gas fields. Arab tribal leaders in SDF-held territory have told Reuters they are ready to take up arms against the Kurdish force if Syria’s army issues orders to do so.

Kurdish fears have been deepened by bouts of sectarian violence in 2025 when nearly 1,500 Alawites were killed by government-aligned forces in western Syria and hundreds of Druze were killed in southern Syria, some in execution-style killings.